Prastavna
Aaj ke samay mein, loan ek aam baat ho gayi hai. Chaahe ghar kharidna ho, shiksha ka kharcha ho ya vyapar badhana ho, loan sabhi ke liye ek aasan upay hai. Parantu kya aap jante hain loan kya hai, loan ke pramukh tatva kya hote hain, loan kitne prakar ke hote hain, loan lene ke labh aur jokhim kya hain? Agar nahi, to yeh lekh aapke liye hi hai. Is lekh mein hum in sabhi prashnon ka uttar dene ki koshish karenge.
Loan Kya Hai?
Loan ek aisi rashi hai jo vyakti ya sanstha kisi financial institution se udhaar leti hai aur ise ek nishchit samay avdhi mein wapas karna hota hai. Is par byaj lagta hai jo lender ke liye munafa hota hai. Loan lene wala vyakti ya sanstha ise apne vyaktigat ya vyavsayik kaamon mein istemal kar sakta hai.
Loan ke Pramukh Tatv
Loan ke pramukh tatva kuch is prakar hain:
1. Rashi (Principal Amount): Ye wo rashi hai jo aap udhaar lete hain.
2. Byaaj Dar (Interest Rate): Ye wo dar hai jo loan par lagta hai.
3. Samay Avadhi (Tenure): Ye wo samay hota hai jisme aapko loan wapas karna hota hai.
4. EMI (Equated Monthly Instalment): Ye wo rashi hai jo aapko prateek maheene chukani hoti hai.
5. Collateral (Girvi):Ye wo sampatti hai jo aap loan secure karne ke liye girvi rakhte hain (sabhi loans mein nahi lagti).
Loan Kitne Prakar ke Hote Hai
Loans kayi prakar ke hote hain aur inhe hum vyakti ki zarurat ke hisaab se vibhinna shreniyon mein baant sakte hain. Chaliye in pramukh loans ke prakar ko samajhte hain.
1.Vyaktigat Loan
Ye loan vyakti ke vyaktigat kharchon ke liye liya ja sakta hai jaise ki shaadi, yatra ya kisi emergency situation ke liye. Isme adhiktar koi collateral dene ki zarurat nahi hoti hai. Byaktigat loan ka byaj dar thoda zyada ho sakta hai kyunki ye unsecured loan hota hai.
2.Grih Loan
Ghar kharidne ke liye jo loan liya jata hai use grih loan kahte hain. Isme ghar hi collateral ke roop mein diya jata hai. Iska tenure kaafi lamba ho sakta hai jaise 15-30 varsh. Grih loan ka byaj dar comparatively kam hota hai.
3.Shiksha Loan
Vidyarthiyon ke uchch shiksha ke liye jo loan diya jata hai use shiksha loan kehte hain. Iska repayment shiksha puri hone ke baad shuru hota hai. Ye loan vyakti ya uske mata-pita le sakte hain aur isme bhi collateral ki zarurat ho sakti hai.
4.Vyavsayik Loan
Vyavsayik loan ya business loan vyavsayik karyo ke liye liya jata hai jaise business expand karna, naye projects me invest karna, etc. Isme adhiktar business assets ko collateral ke roop mein diya jata hai.
5. Vahan Loan
Vahan loan wah loan hota hai jo kisi vahan ko kharidne ke liye liya jaata hai. Yeh loan aam taur par madhyam avadhi ka hota hai aur iski adaaygi maasik kiston mein ki jaati hai.
Loan Lene ke Labh
Loan lene ke kai labh hote hain jo humein financial flexibility aur zarurat padne par madad karte hain.
1.Vittiya Sahayata(Financial Stability)
Loan se aap ko turant paisa milta hai jo aapki zarurat ko turant pura kar sakta hai. Yeh aapko aapke uddeshyon ko poora karne ke liye samarth banata hai.
2.Bade Uddeshyon ki Prapti(Support for Large Purchases)
Loan ki madad se aap bade sapno ko pura kar sakte hain jaise ki apna ghar kharidna, uchch shiksha prapt karna ya vyavsayik expansion karna.
3.Credit Score Sudhar(Improving Creditworthiness)
Agar aap samay par apne loan ki repayment karte hain to aapka credit score bhi sudhar jata hai jo bhavishya mein aur bhi asani se loan prapt karne mein madadgar hota hai.
4.Tax Benefits
Kuch prakar ke loans par tax benefits bhi milte hain jaise grih loan par byaj ke roop mein tax deduction.
5. Nivish Ki Suvidha (Investment Opportunity):
Kuch log loan lekar usse business mein ya property mein invest karte hain, jisse unhe uchit munafa milta hai.
6.Aapaatkaaleen Sthiti Mein Sahayata (Emergency Support):
Aapatkalin sthiti mein loan ek mahatvapurn sahayata sabit ho sakta hai.
Loan Lene ke Jokhim
Jahan loan lene ke labh hain, wahin kuch jokhim bhi jude hote hain jo humein dhyan mein rakhne chahiye.
1.Bhaari Byaaj Bhoj (High Interest Rates)
Agar aapne loan ka repayment time par nahi kiya to aapko bhaari byaaj bhugatna pad sakta hai jo aapke aarthik sthiti ko kharab kar sakta hai.
2. Credit Score Girna
Loan ka repayment na karne par aapka credit score gir sakta hai jo bhavishya mein aapke liye aur loan prapt karna kathin bana sakta hai.
3. Collateral Ka Khoya Jana(Risk of Collateral)
Secured loans jaise grih loan mein agar aap repayment nahi karte hain to aapko apni collateral property khoni pad sakti hai.
4.Aarthik Tanav (Financial Pressure):
Jyada loan lene par aapko repayment karte samay aarthik tanav ka samna karna pad sakta hai jo aapke jeevan ko prabhavit kar sakta hai.Samay par loan wapas nahi karne par arthik dabav badh sakta hai.
5.Over-borrowing Ka Jokhim (Risk of Over-borrowing):
Jyada loan lene par use chukane mein kathinai ho sakti hai, jisse financial instability ho sakti hai.
Nishkarsh
Loan ek aasan aur suvidha janak upay hai jab aapko turant paiso ki zarurat ho. Lekin ise samajhdari se lena chahiye aur repayment ka dhyan rakhna chahiye. Loan lene se pehle aapko apni arthik sthiti ko theek se samajhna chahiye aur apne repayment ki kshamta ko dekhna chahiye. Loan ke pramukh tatv, prakar, labh aur jokhim ko samajhna aavashyak hai taaki aap sahi nirnay le sakein. Sadaiv yaad rakhen, zimmedar udhar lena aur samay par adayagi karna arthik swasthya aur sthirta ke liye avashyak hai.
FAQs
1. Loan kya hai?
Loan ek aisi rashi hai jo vyakti ya sanstha kisi financial institution se udhaar leti hai aur ise ek nishchit samay avdhi mein wapas karna hota hai.
2. Loan kitne prakar ke hote hain?
Loan kai prakar ke hote hain jaise byaktigat loan, grih loan, shiksha loan aur vyavsayik loan.
3. Loan lene ke labh kya hain?
Loan lene se aapko vittiya sahayata milti hai, bade uddeshyon ki prapti hoti hai, credit score sudhar hota hai aur kuch prakar ke loans par tax benefits bhi milte hain.
4. Loan lene ke jokhim kya hain?
Loan lene ke jokhim mein bhaari byaaj bhoj, credit score girna, collateral ka khoya jana aur aarthik tanav shamil hain.
5. Loan kaise apply karte hain?
Loan apply karne ke liye aapko apne financial institution mein jaana hoga, apni zarurat aur eligibility ke anusar form bharna hoga aur zaruri documents jama karne honge.
